What the three passes actually are
Kongma La (5,535m), Cho La (5,420m) and Renjo La (5,360m) are the three crossings that give the trek its name — each one a genuine high-altitude pass with scree, sometimes ice, and several hours above 5,000m, not a walking trail. Strung together, they connect the Everest Base Camp and Gokyo valleys into a single loop instead of an out-and-back.
This is the itinerary for trekkers who've already done a standard Himalayan trek and want the terrain and altitude to match their experience, not a step up from a first trek.
Why it takes twenty days
Three separate high passes means three separate opportunities for a weather window to close, so the itinerary carries a genuine buffer day rather than assuming everything goes to plan. Pacing is also more conservative than the standard Base Camp trek given how much time is spent above 5,000m across the whole route, not just on summit day.